Dynamics of modern-day slavery governed by demand and supply

Dynamics of modern-day slavery governed by demand and supply

 by Saadia Haq 

Palwasha*, 18-year old Afghani girl, has been a commercial sex-worker since she was 14. When she was only 15, she was forced into marriage with her rapist, also addicted to drugs. She was taken to Iran where she worked as commercial sex workers to pay for her husband’s addiction and make money for his use. She recalls those horrific days, saying, “ he used to beat me up very badly every day besides forcing me to make money for him,” she was quoted as saying in the AIHRC report. “After a year or so he sold me to an Iranian drug seller for a huge amount of money before my family found out about it in Afghanistan and my mother came to Iran to rescue me.”
The cause of the prevailing international trafficking on all continents stems from the demand. Like others illicit trades such as arm-dealing and drug trafficking, human trafficking is also an illicit market and is controlled by the basic economic theories of supply and demand.
Unfortunately, key stake-holders have assumed a unified silence towards the controversial topic of “demand.” There are very few international organizations, government programs or NGOs that touch on the topic of demand in human trafficking and the organizations that do pay attention on demand tend to center their efforts on abolishing sex trafficking. Amongst the handful of organizations that are unanimously in agreement to eradicate the demand and are concentrating their efforts for countering the demand side of human-sex-trafficking are the STOP DEMAND, THE Sage Project and Global Centurion. 
It’s essential to truly change the mindset of the slave buyer to eradicate modern-day slavery and end the demand for slaves. And to end demand, involved people (men and women both) need to be held accountable for their participation in buying women and children for sex.
Understanding patterns of organized criminal networks are also important to consider. The situational context is vital to also develop awareness of the recruitment practices. Many girls like Palwasha* and others fall into the hands of human-traffickers due to their vulnerable conditions such as poverty, illiteracy and impoverished house-holds.
Their recruitment usually takes place by “agents” or middle-persons (more than 65% are women) that lure their victims through girls through force (drugging/kidnapping); or coercion via promises of fake opportunities or boyfriends who trick young girls in to running away with them.
In starkly poor villages of Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries, the women agents visit houses and speak face-to-face with parents, elderly establishing a trust within the community. This helps in getting significant large number of children, sometimes an extortion fee is also taken from the victim’s family to make the parents think that their children will get better rewards after reaching their destinations.  
Being a woman, nothing is more disgusting that to acknowledge that women are the key trust agents that engage with communities for such a dark intention.
Keeping in lieu the topic, examining demand within itself is like a dirty, dark road that has not light at the end of the tunnel.  At Islamabad, in the previous years, the dark side of diplomacy has also come to the surface. When media broke out the story that consular staff at the Switzerland Embassy was involved in a human trafficking racket. Switzerland immediately replaced all its embassy and consular staff in Pakistan. It also shut down its visa-section at Islamabad that followed a Pakistani investigation into the illegal Swiss visas that has led to a number of arrests.
Till date, Switzerland has conducted visa fraud investigations in countries including Oman, Peru, Russia, Nigeria, Serbia and Eritrea.  This all happened, thanks to Pakistani local media that started highlighting the plight of Pakistani visa applicants complaining about the various forms of harassment by Swiss embassy officials, or foreign expats as they are usually known.
A few weeks ago, Pakistan Embassy in Libya sent the Foreign Ministry an official letter that alleged that Federal Investigation Agency’s (FIA) Immigration department in Islamabad is involved in human trafficking. The embassy provided sustainable evidence to back its claims that travel documents were being used for opening bogus vacancies in fake companies, and added that the officials at FIA Immigration department in Islamabad are charging around 350 EURO per person to smuggle them abroad.
The letter added that hundreds of Pakistanis contact the embassy every day saying that they have no money to eat and appeal to be sent back to Pakistan. The embassy letter stated the urgent ban imposition for all Pakistanis traveling to Libya and to take action against the FIA officials involved. Further more, the report claimed that thousands of Pakistanis sent illegally to various places across the world are dwelling in jails, fallen into hands of trafficking networks and being meted out inhumanly treatment. It adds that countless have already died in the dire conditions.
On one-hand the human-flesh trade continues, but inside Pakistan, the prominent internationally recognized campaigner of human rights, Ansar Burney continues to serve are a whistle-blower.
Burney is a man with a mission. His mission broadly focuses on degradation, child abuse, sex-slavery, human trafficking and other more subtle forms of human and civil rights violations without any discrimination or affiliation.He has been working on issues of sexual slavery in Pakistan, the Middle East and Africa for two decades now.

During this time, with assistance from the various governments and authorities, through his organization the Ansar Burney Trust, he has secured the release of thousands of persons from false imprisonment and slavery across the world; these have included young girls sold in the sex trade and young children used for modern-day slavery.
In 2005, the Ansar Burney Trust was involved in the release and repatriation of 13,967 victims (under-age) from the Middle East alone. A shocking case came to light, when Burney rescued a group of under-age trafficked girls sold into prostitution in Middle Eastern countries.
During the investigations, it was revealed that the greater demand of “under-age virgin” girls continues to rise in the Middle East.  The traffickers used the horrible method of blood capsules on the girls’ bodies in order to “prove” their virginity.
In an interview with local media, Burney denounced this inhumane practice and warned that “use of such blood packed in capsules used by human traffickers to show that girls are virgin, may contain viruses that can spread AIDS or other contagious diseases.”
The issue of children both boys and girls being trafficked into sexual slavery highlights other dimensions within the demand chain. While we cannot argue on the feminization of human trafficking, the other gender is not really safe either. In recent times, young boys too fall prey to such traffickers for sexual exploitation. A non-governmental organization Modar (working in Tajikistan) says said there was a growing trend in the abduction and sale of Tajik boys for sexual exploitation abroad.  It reports that s groups in the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Pakistan and other countries were prepared to pay as much as $70 000 for a Tajik boy between the ages of 10 and 12.
Unfortunately, human trafficking is one of the longest established, yet most neglected problems in all continents. Palwasha’s* story is a tip on the iceberg of the many cases of human trafficking which happen, literally under our noses, every day.
She may be lucky to be rescued but the scars inflicted upon her soul may not perish. But. Countless others not even teeny-weeny bit lucky as her to get rescued at all from this web.